INYANGA YOKUBUNGAZA IMPILO KANELSON MANDELA

UNtulikazi inyanga yokubungaza impilo yeqhawe lomzabalazo eNingizimu Afrika, uNelson Mandela. Umhla we-18 kuNtulikazi yilona suku lapho umhlaba wonke jikelele osuke ubungaza impilo yaleli qhawe. UMandela wazalwa ngalo lolu suku ngonyaka we-1918, wadlula emhlabeni mhla zi-5 kuZibandlela wezi-2013. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukube ubesadla anhlamvana uMadiba ubezobe ehlanganisa iminyaka eyi-102. Kuzokhumbuleka ukuthi uMandela waba nguMengameli wokuqala wohlanga futhi owakhethwa ngokwentandoyeningi kuleli zwe ngonyaka we-1994 ngemva kokuba esehlale iminyaka engama-27 ekuvalelweni ejele e-Robben Island kanye nezinye iziboshwa ezazilwisana noMbuso woNtamolukhuni, okubalwa kuzo u-Andew Mlangeni, Denis Goldberg, Ahmed Kathrada, Raymond Mhlaba, Govan Mbeki kanye nabanye abaningi. Bakhona nabanye abalahlekelwa izimpilo zabo belwela inkululeko abafana noSteve Biko, Solomon Mahlangu nabanye abaningi.

Ngenxa yeqhaza alibamba uMadiba ukulwela amalungelo abantu, ukugqugqumezela uzwano kanye nenkululeko yawo wonke umuntu, waba isibonelo esihle umhlaba wonke. Ilokhu okwenze iNhlangano yeZizwe (United Nations) ukuthi ngoLwezi wezi-2009 imemezele usuku lwe-18 kuNtulikazi njengoSuku lukaNelson Mandela uMhlaba wonke (Nelson Mandela International Day). Ngalolu suku kugqugqumezelwa wonke umuntu ukuba enze okuthile okuhle emphakathini okuzoshintsha impilo yomuntu noma yabantu. Kusezandleni zethu ukushintsha lo mhlaba ukuze ube indawo engcono.

Mhla zingama 18 kuNtulikazi wezi-2020, uNobhala Jikelele weNhlangano yeZizwe u-António Guterres wethule inkulumo yokubungaza uSuku lukaMandela ebhekise emhlabeni wonke. Uqale ngokubhonga emswaneni kanye nomndeni wakwaMandela kanye neNingizimu Afrika njengoba sigubuzelwe ifu elimnyama lokudlula emhlabeni kwenye yamadodakazi kaNelson kanye noMama uWinnie Madikizela-Mandela (yena wadlula emhlabeni ngoMbasa wezi-2018), uZindziswa.  Umnumzane uGuterres uhambe ezimfundisweni zikaMandela egcizelela ukuthula nokusebenzisana phakathi kwamazwe ikakhulukazi njengoba umhlaba wonke ubhekene noKhuvethe (Covid-19). Uphinde wagcizelela ukuthi ohulumeni kumele baqhakambise imfundo emazweni abo kusukela emabangeni aphansi kuya kwaphezulu. Kuzokhumbuleka ukuthi uMandela wayekholelwa ukuthi “Imfundo isona sikhali esinamandla esingasetshenziswa ukushintsha umhlaba”.

UMandela namanje usakhunjulwa ngezinkulumo zakhe ezakhayo, nanamhlanje abantu basacosha emazwini akhe uma bethula izinkulumo. Amazwi akhe ayekhuthaza uthando nokuzwana kubantu bonke yize singabezinhlanga kanye nezinkolo ezihlukene.  Amanye amazwi adumile kakhulu ake wawakhuluma ilawa athi “Akekho umuntu ozalwa enenzondo komunye umuntu ngenxa yohlanga kanye nenkolo yakhe. Abantu bayayifundiswa inzondo, uma bekwazi ukufunda inzondo kusho ukuthi bengakwazi nokufundiswa uthando njengoba lona luyimvelo enhliziyweni yomuntu alufani nenzondo yona oyindiswayo”.

ENingizimu Afrika abantu banemibono eyehlukene mayelana nokubungaza lolu suku, lokhu kungenxa yezimo abaphila ngaphansi kwazo njengamanje. Bakholelwa ukuthi impilo yabo ayikashintshi ngale ndlela ababeyilindele nabathenjiswa yona ngenkathi kungena uhulumeni wentandoyeningi. Yebo inkululeko yezombusazwe sayinikwa kodwa eyamandla omnotho asinikwanga. Kuze kube yimanje umnotho usesezandleni zabamhlophe, abaningi bohlanga basadla imbuya ngothi. Abohlanga yibona abaningi ngokwezibalo kuleli zwe kepha yibona abanamandla amancane emnothweni, lokhu kufakazelwa nayizibalo eziphuma kwa Statiscs SA. Izinkomba zithi abamhlophe bahola kakhulu ngokuphindwe kathathu okudlula abohlanga, lokho nokho akwethusi uma ungumuntu ohlala kuleli zwe. INingizimu Afrika yaziwa njengelinye lama zwe ahamba phambili emhlabeni ngokungalingani kwabantu, kukhona omacaphunakusale, izinkinsela, kuphinde kube khona imizi lapho ikati lilala eziko.

Inkinga enkulu engakaxazululeki namanje kuleli zwe ilena ethinta ukubuyiselwa komhlaba kubantu abansundu. Kuzokhumbuleka ukuthi uHulumeni woNtamolukhuni washaya imithetho egunyaza ukuthi abohlanga bathathelwe umhlaba. Akusiwo kuphela umhlaba owabalahlekela ngaleso sikhathi, abanye balahlekelwa imfuyo ababenayo. Ngenxa yokuthi abantu babengasenawo amakhaya baphenduka ondingasithebeni balahlekelwa ubuntu babo, baphoqwa ukuba basebenzele abamhlophe. Izigameko zokuthathelwa umhlaba kwabohlanga ezifana nalezi zase Sharpville, Sophiatown kanye nase District 6 zisavusa uhlevane kubantu abaningi. Kubukeka sengathi kunzima kuhulumeni ukugcina isithembiso sakhe sokubuyisela umhlaba ongama- 30% kubantu abamnyama. UMbiko wokuCwaningwa koMhlaba (Land Audit Report) ophume ngowezi-2017 uveza ukuthi umhlaba ongama-72% usezandleni zabamhlophe, ongama-4% usezandleni zabamnyama.

UMthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika uthi leli zwe elawo wonke umuntu ophila kulona, okuyindida ukuthi umnotho akusiwo awowonke umuntu ophila kulo leli zwe. Okunye okuxakayo ukuthi nomhlaba waleli zwe akusiwona awowonke umuntu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abasemandleni basahlulekile ukwenza okushiwo uMthethosisekelo. Iminyaka ngeminyaka osombusazwe behla benyuka befuna amavoti kubantu abamnyama, uma sebewatholile bayafulathela bekhohlwe izithembiso abazenza, bayakhohlwa isililo senhlupheko emumva la bephuma khona behambele phezulu sebeyoba mdibi munye nondlebezikhanya ilanga.

Sengiphetha, njengamanje inkohlakalo idla lubi kuhulumeni, osombusazwe baqobelana amavenge nabasondelene nabo. Bese kuthi abavotayo nokuyibona abahluphekayo kakhulu bacosha nje imvushwana ewayo esithebeni kuhle kukaLazaru eNcwadini eNgcwele. Kungakuhle ukuthi ngelinye ilanga bakhumbule amazwi kaMadiba awakhuluma ngonyaka we-1993 emhlanganweni weCosatu lapho khona athi “Uma uKhongolose enza lokhu okwenziwa uHulumeni wamaBhunu kini, nani anokwenza lokhu okwenziwa uKhongolose kuHulumeni wamaBhunu”.

Leli thebula likhombisa Izibalo zokuphathwa komhlaba ngokohlanga eNingizimu Afrika (UMbiko wokuCwaningwa koMhlaba, 2017).

Imithobo okucashunwe kuyo ulwazi

https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201802/landauditreport13feb2018.pdf

https://www.un.org/en/events/mandeladay/

https://mg.co.za/article/2018-01-19-00-anc-reclaims-its-central-mission-land/

https://mandelamadiba.wordpress.com/2017/01/08/if-the-anc-does-to-you-what-the-apartheid-government-did-to-you-then-you-must-do-to-the-anc-what-you-did-to-the-apartheid-government-2/

https://www.goalcast.com/2017/05/02/top-nelson-mandela-quotes-inspire-you-to-believe/

https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2019-11-18-whites-earn-three-times-more-than-black-people-stats-sa/

https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2020-07-18/secretary-generals-nelson-mandela-lecture-%E2%80%9Ctackling-the-inequality-pandemic-new-social-contract-for-new-era%E2%80%9D-delivered

ULIMI LWESISWAHILI (KISWAHILI)

Kwi blog yami yokuqala ngikhulume ngesihloko esithi “Kumele zithuthukiswe izilimi zabomdabu kuleli”. Kule blog yami yesibili ngizokhuluma ngolunye lwezilimi zase-Afrika olukhombisa ukudlondlobala ngamandla olubizwa ngesiSwahili.

Zingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili (2000) izilimi ezikhulunywa ezwenikazi i-Afrika. Lokhu akumangazi nokho njengoba ososayensi kanye nabacwaningi bemilando yasendulo bekuveza ukuthi leli zwekazi iyona ndawo lapho abantu asebehlale khona isikhathi eside kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwekazi. Ucwaningo luveza ukuthi eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyisithupha (6 000 000) eyedlule kwase kukhona abahlala kuleli zwekazi. Kwathi eminyakeni eyizigidi ezimbili (2 000 000) eyedlule labo bantu baqala ukusabalala nakwamanye amazwekazi. Lokhu kufakazela ukuthi i-Afrika iyona eyizimpande zomlando zawo wonke umuntu okhona emhlabeni, yingakho nanamhlanje kusenezilimi eziningi kangaka.

IsiSwahili lungolunye lwezilimi zase-Afrika ezikhombisa ukukhula okukhulu. Akumangazi ukuzwa abantu abaningi behlongoza ukuthi lolu limi kumele lufundwe iwona wonke umuntu kuleli zwekazi, sixhumane ngalo. Lolu limi kumele luqale lusetshenziswe emihlanganweni yabaholi bamazwe ase-Afrika luphinde lusetshenziselwe ukuhweba. Kuyichilo ukuthi njengamanje e-Afrika sisasebenzisa izilimi zokutshelekwa zaseNtshonalanga ukuze sixhumane, phezu kokuba sinezilimi ezingaka zomdabu. Yize sekuphele iminyaka eminingi amazwe ase-Afrika athola uzimele geqe kubacindezeli kodwa insila yabo isasele kithina, futhi akekho omunye ozosikhuculula kumele sizelaphe thina. I-Afrika ayihlukanga neze nesisulu sokunukubezwa sitheleleke ngesifo ekugcineni sekumele sizibhekele sona usizo engasekho umnukubezi. Amazwe aseNtshonalanga asikhubazile emiqondweni asishiya kanjalo, zonke izinkinga zisele nathi futhi kumele kube yithina esifika nezisombululo.

Ngokomlando,isiSwahili sizalwe oGwini oluseMpumalanga ne-Afrika. Luqale ngenkathi ama-Arabhu ehwebelana nabantu abakhuluma izilimi zesiNtu (Bantu Languages). Izilimi zesiNtu zizala izilimi eziningi kakhulu ezinye zikhulunywa  lapha eNingizimu Afrika okubalwa kuzo isiZulu, isiXhosa, isiSwati, isiNdebele, isiSuthu, isiPedi, isiTswana, isiVenda kanye nesiTsonga. Emva kokuhwebelana iminyaka ngeminyaka kwagcina kukhandeka ulimi lwesiSwahili oluxube amagama atshelekwe olimini lwesi-Arabhu kanye nasezilimini zesiNtu.  Ukuhwebelana kwalaba bantu akugcinanga nje ngokukhanda ulimi kepha kwenza ukuthi namasiko axubane njengoba amanye ama-Arabhu agcina esehlala eMpumalnga ne-Afrika.

Ngenxa yokufika kondlebe zikhanya ilanga e-Afrika kwanda ukuhwebelana phakathi kwabantu ababezinze eMpumalanga ne-Afrika nabaseNtshonalanga. Yingakho namahlanje isiSwahili sinamagama amaningi atshelekwe esiNgisini, kwisiPheziya (manje esebizwa nge-Iran), kwisiPutukezi, kwisiJalimane kanye nakwisiFulentshi. Njengamanje, cishe bayizigidi eziyikhulu (100 000 000) abantu abakhuluma isiSwahili. Lolu limi lusemthethweni emazweni aseMpumalanga nakulawa aphakathi ne-Afrika okubalwa kuwo iTanzania, iKenya, i-Uganda, i-Congo kanye neziqhingi zaseComoros. Lolu limi luphinde lukhulunywe abantu abaningi eSomalia, eBurundi, eRwanda, eZambia, eMalawi kanye naseMozambique. Uma ubheka ibalazwe lala mazwe liyakhombisa ukuthi lolu limi luchume kakhulu emazweni angaseMpumalanga nezwekazi kwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lwangena phakathi nezwekazi.

Ukuthuthuka nokusetshenziswa kwesiSwahili kubonakala kunenqubekela phambili njengoba seluthathwa njengolimi olusemthethweni olungasetshenziswa uma kuhlangene abaholi eNhlanganweni yeZizwe yase-Afrika (African Union). Ngonyaka wezi-2004  le Nhlangano yamemezela ngokusemthethweni ukuthi  isiSwahili naso sesizosetshenziswa kanye nezinye izilimi ebezisetshenziswa ekuqaleni okubalwa kuzo isi-Arabhu, isiNgisi, isiFulentshi, isiPenishi kanye nesiPutukezi. Isiswahili yilona kuphela ulimi lwesiNtu oluthathwa njengolusemthethweni kuMthethosisekelo wale Nhlangano.

Ngonyaka odlule (2019) iNhlangano yezokuThuthuka koMphakathi oseNingizimu ne-Afrika (Southern African Development Community-SADC) nayo iphinde yamemezela ukuthi isiSwahili sizoba ngolunye lwezilimi olusemthethweni oluzosetshenziswa kule Nhlangano. Lokhu  kusho isiSwahili ulimi lokuqala lo mdabu ukuba semthethweni kuleNhlangano. Kuzokhumbuleka ukuthi i-SADC ihlanganiswe amazwe ayishumi nesithupha (16) okubalwa kuwo iNingizimu Afrika, i-Angola, iBotswana, iComoros, iDemocratic Republic of Congo, iSwatini, iLesotho, iMadagascar, iMalawi, iMauritius, iMozambique, iNamibia, iSeychelles, iTanzania, iZambia kanye neZimbabwe. Yize kugcine kube yimpumelelo lokhu kodwa kuthathe isikhathi eside kakhulu, yonke le minyaka edlule bebesebenzisa izilimi zaseNtshonalanga kuphela isiNgisi, isiPutukezi kanye nesiFulentshi. Lokhu kushiya imibuzo eminingi ukuthi kungani bemathinta nyawo ukusebenzisa izilimi zase-Afrika emva kweminyaka engaka le Nhlangano ikhona njengoba yasungulwa ngonyaka we-1980.

IsiSwahili asigcini ngokukhulunywa kuleli zwekazi kuphela, siyanda kakhulu isibalo sabantu abasifundayo nasemazweni afana neMelika kanye neSaudi Arabia. INhlangano yezokuSakaza yamaNgisi (BBC) nayo inezinhlelo ezethulwa ngesiSwahili. Lokhu kufakazela khona ukuthi lolu limi luya ngokusabalala kuwona wonke amagumbi omhlaba. Asemaningi namafilimu adonse amehlo abantu umhlaba wonke asebenzise ulimi noma amagama esiSwahili, singabala i-The Lion King, Out of Africa, The Last King of Scotland kanye neRafiki.

UNgqongqoshe woMnyango wezeMfundo emazingeni aphansi eNingizimu Afrika u-Angie Motshekga wamemezela ukuthi uMnyango wakhe unezinhleko zokufundisa isiSwahili ezikoleni kanti futhi sezihlonziwe izikole abazozwa ngazo amanzi ngobhoko bebone ukuthi lolu limi lwamukeleka kanjani kuleli zwe. Leli zwe alisilona inkonyane elithuka isisinga uma kuziwa ekufundiseni izilimi zakwamanye amazwe njengoba isiFulentshi, isiJalimane kanye nesiMandarini zitholakala kwezinye izikole. IsiSwahili sizoba ulimi lokuqala lwase-Afrika olungelona olwakuleli zwe ukufundiswa kuleli. UMnyango wezeMfundo ukugcizelele ukuthi ngokufundisa lolu limi ezikoleni unethemba lokuthi lokhu kungaba yisisombululo kule nkinga yokucwaswa kwabantu bakwamanye amazwi ase-Afrika njengoba sibonile kwenzeka nyakenye. UMnyango unethemba futhi lokuthi lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuxhumana phakathi kweNingizimu Afrika namanye amazwe ase-Afrika.

Singeze sakungabaza ukuthi ukuba khona kolimi olulodwa olukhulunywa iwona wonke umuntu luleli zwekazi kungathela izithelo ezinhle ikakhulukazi emnothweni wethu nakwisimo senhlalo kuleli zwekazi. Lokhu kuwasebenzele amazwe ase-Asia lawa angomakhelwane neShayina njengoba bonke besikhuluma isiMandarini, lana ngibala amazwe afana neTaiwan, iMalaysia, i-Indonesia, iThailand, iSingapore, iPhilippines kanye neHong Kong. Lama zwe kulula kakhulu ukuthi ahwebelane odwa futhi baphilisane ngokuzwana ngenxa yokuthi bonke bonke bayakwazi ukukhuluma ulimi olulodwa bezwane.

Sengiphetha nje, kuyisiminya esingeze sasibalekela ukuthi ngeke kube yinto elula neze ukuthi sibe nolimi olulodwa e-Afrika njengoba sinezilimi ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili. Abanye abantu bazocabanga ukuthi ukufundiswa kwesiSwahili kuzokwenza ukuthi izilimi zabo zibukeleke phansi. Kuzofanele ukuthi abantu bafundiswe ngokubaluleka kokuba nolimi olulodwa futhi bachazelwe ukuthi ngeke bayekiswe ukukhuluma ezilimi zabo kepha ulimi olulodwa luzosiza ukuthi sikwazi ukuxhumana kahle sidingide izindaba zokuthuthukisa izwekazi.   Ukuqala lolu hlelo kuzodinga izindodla zezimali, siyazi ukuthi akuwona wonke amazwe ase-Afrika ame kahle ngokomnotho, lokhu kusho ukuthi iNhlangano yeziZwe yase-Afrika kumele ibambe iqhaza ekusizeni lawo mazwe. Kumele kusungulwe isigungu esizokwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi konke kuhamba ngononina. Omunye umuntu uzothi mhlawumbe ngeke kubelula ukuthi amazwe asenhla ne-Afrika afunde isiSwahili. Khumbula ukuthi ngenhla ngichazile ukuthi lolu limi lukhandwe amagama athathelwe olimini lwesi-Arabhu kanye nasezilimi zesiNtu. Amazwe asenhla ne-Afrika cishe onke akhuluma isi-Arabhu lokho kungenza ukuthi kube lula nakuwo ukufunda isiSwahili. Wonke lo msebenzi ngeke waba impumelelo uma osopolitiki nabasemagunyeni bengahlangene, okuningi kulele ezandleni zabo.

Leli Thebula likhombisa izibonelo zamabizo kanye nezenzo ngesiNguni nangesiSwahili. Inhloso ukukhombisa ubudlwelano phakathi kwesiSwahili kanye nesiNguni.  

Leli balazwe likhombisa amazwe kanye noGu oluseMpumalanga ne-Afrika lapho isiSwahili esaqala khona futhi sisakhulunywa kakhulu namanje khona. 

Ulwazi lucoshelwe kule mithombo yolwazi elandelayo:

https://au.int/en/about/languages

https://cudoo.com/blog/most-spoken-languages-in-africa/

https://en.iyil2019.org/events/language-and-development-in-africa/

https://gautengnewspaper.co.za/2019/08/20/pan-sa-language-board-welcome-declaration-of-kiswahili/

https://humanorigins.si.edu/education/introduction-human-evolution

https://kathorusmail.co.za/46183/department-of-education-introduces-kiswahili-in-schools/

https://theculturetrip.com/africa/kenya/articles/11-fascinating-facts-about-the-swahili-language/

https://theculturetrip.com/africa/kenya/articles/11-fascinating-facts-about-the-swahili-language/

https://www.csmonitor.com/Science/Science-Notebook/2015/0421/Why-does-Africa-have-so-many-languages

https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/motshekga-says-plans-underway-to-implement-kiswahili-in-sa-schools-29312869

https://www.pdx.edu/multicultural-topics-communication-sciences-disorders/swahili

https://www.thegoodneighborhood.com/the-economic-benefits-of-learning-the-chinese-language/

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKFHfMS7IU5yPnvNDlalcDQ/featured

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uiT9fcdtzNU